Research article
Nikam Nilesh Madhukar, Dr. Rao V. Javvaji
Hypertension is a major chronic cardiovascular disorder requiring long-term pharmacotherapy to maintain blood pressure within the desired therapeutic range. Conventional immediate-release dosage forms often require frequent administration and may result in fluctuations in plasma drug concentration, which can affect therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance. Controlled-release drug delivery systems offer a promising approach for maintaining drug concentrations within the therapeutic window, reducing dosing frequency, minimising adverse effects, and improving patient adherence. The present work focuses on the development and evaluation of controlled-release drug delivery systems for antihypertensive drugs. Appropriate antihypertensive drug candidates and pharmaceutical excipients are selected based on their physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. Different formulation approaches, including matrix-based systems, polymeric drug delivery systems, microspheres, nanoparticles, and other modified-release technologies, can be explored to achieve prolonged and controlled drug release. The developed formulations are evaluated for physicochemical characteristics, drug content, entrapment efficiency where applicable, in-vitro drug release, release kinetics, stability, and other relevant quality attributes. Optimisation of formulation variables can be performed using appropriate experimental design and statistical approaches to obtain a formulation with desirable release characteristics. Controlled release delivery of antihypertensive drugs has the potential to provide sustained therapeutic action, improve patient convenience, reduce fluctuations in drug concentration, and enhance overall treatment outcomes. Thus, such systems represent a promising strategy for improving the efficacy and compliance associated with long-term antihypertensive therapy.
Controlled Release Drug Delivery System
Issue Proceedings of ICIRIPAS 2026; Special Issue-01
Research article
Pravin Tryambak Netkar, Dr. Sunita S. Deore
Plant-based bioactive compounds have attracted considerable attention in recent years because of their therapeutic potential and lower side-effect profile compared to synthetic drugs. Among these compounds, lupeol is one of the most studied flavonoids due to its antioxidant and anticancer properties. The present work was carried out to isolate lupeol from the roots of Phoenix sylvestris and to formulate it into microspheres for improved delivery.
Roots of Phoenix sylvestris were collected, dried, and subjected to pharmacognostical and phytochemical investigation. The powdered roots were extracted successively using petroleum ether, chloroform, and methanol. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, lupeol and other secondary metabolites. Among the extracts, the methanolic extract showed a higher concentration of bioactive compounds.
Isolation of phytoconstituents was performed by preparative thin-layer chromatography, and the isolated compounds were characterized by UV, IR, and NMR spectroscopy. Lupeol was identified as one of the major triterpenoid constituents. Further, lupeol-loaded microspheres were prepared by the solvent evaporation method using Eudragit as the polymer.
The prepared microspheres were evaluated for their physical characteristics, entrapment efficiency, and stability. The findings of the study indicate that the roots of Phoenix sylvestris can serve as a useful source of lupeol, and its microsphere formulation may be beneficial for improving therapeutic effectiveness in anticancer treatment.
Phoenix sylvestrisLupeolPhytochemical investigationMicrospheresAnticancer activity.
Issue Proceedings of ICIRIPAS 2026; Special Issue-01
Research article
Navale Sonali Uttam
A sensitive, accurate, and robust reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the quantitative estimation of Niraparib (NIR) in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. The analysis was performed using an Agilent 1260 Infinity II HPLC system equipped with a diode array detector (DAD) and a C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm). The mobile phase consisted of 0.2% glacial acetic acid and Acetronitrile in a ratio of 65:30 v/v, delivered at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Detection was carried out at 240 nm with a total run time of 10 minutes. Niraparib exhibited a retention time of 5.2 minutes.
The method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The calibration response was linear over 20–60 µg/mL with an R² of 0.9996. Accuracy studies produced recoveries of approximately 99–101%, while precision studies produced %RSD values below 2%. These results indicate that the method has adequate analytical performance for quantitative estimation.
The forced-degradation study demonstrated separation of niraparib from degradation-related components. Therefore, after experimental confirmation using peak-purity/PDA or equivalent evidence, the procedure can be considered for stability-indicating applications. The developed method is simple, robust, and suitable for routine quality control and stability testing of Niraparib in pharmaceutical preparations.
NiraparibMethod DevelopmentRP-HPLC
Issue Proceedings of ICIRIPAS 2026; Special Issue-01
Research article
Dr. Ambika Kumar, Dr. Pramod Kumar, Dr. Vinod, Dr. Shyam Raj Yadav, Dr. Jai Prakash, Dr. Hariom Nagar*, Dr. Rajneesh Kumar
The present review highlights the recent development of direct and indirect chromatographic methods for the enantiomeric separation of two chiral drugs, Orciprenaline and Betaxolol, with emphasis on their determination in complex pharmaceutical and environmental matrices. Enantioselective separation is of significant importance for pharmacological effect, quality control, and safety due to the difference in the interaction of the enantiomers of these asymmetric compounds with β-receptors. Moreover, with the emergence of such pharmaceuticals in wastewater and the environment, it is important to have strong, sensitive analytical approaches. In this context, the review remarkably describes direct methods for enantioselective analysis, including the generation of transient diastereomers with different chiral selectors as impregnating and inducing reagents for this purpose, as well as mobile phase additives. Moreover, indirect methods such as synthesis of high UV-absorbing Chiral Derivatizing Reagents (CDRs) with substituted aromatic rings are discussed. Derivatization techniques used for the diastereomeric synthesis of racemic mixtures, the separation mechanisms used in LC, and the advantages/disadvantages of the various techniques are critically discussed to guide future applications in pharmaceutical and environmental monitoring.
Direct ApproachIndirect Approachβ-blockerChiral Derivatizing ReagentsChiral selector
Issue Proceedings of ICIRIPAS 2026; Special Issue-01
Research article
Anamika Singh*, Dr. Anurag Verma, Dr. Prashant Kumar
India is blessed to have enormous plants having healing capacity which are even documented in many traditional systems like Ayurveda with examples tulsi, neem , ashwgandha and many others including the research plant named Glycyrrhiza glabra (mulethi). This plant Glycyrrhiza glabra is used in treatment of many health issues like sore throat, stomach ulcers, respiratory health support etc.
It contains anti-oxidants and active compounds like glabridin, glycyrrhizin and licochalcone A used by several herbal dermatologists for skin pigmentation and rejuvenation with specific anti-aging for wrinkles. Anti-oxidants like glabridin, glycyrrhizin and licochalcone A follows signaling pathways, reducing oxidative stress and also suppresses inflammation. They inhibits enzymes like 11beta-HSD2 and MAPK signaling. Glabridin stops tyrosinase activities for age related hyper-pigmentation Glycyrrhizin elevate superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity.
By utilizing nanotechnology ,the scientists these days focusses more on advanced drug pattern, green industrial bio-composites and in in specific nano-medicines. Many innovations are required in targeting drug resistant viral strains and inhibit cancer cells proliferation.
Glycyrrhiza glabra or liquoriceCosmeceuticalsAnti-ageingAnti-microbialEnzyme inhibition
Issue Proceedings of ICIRIPAS 2026; Special Issue-01
Research article
Aditya Parashar, Piyush Mittal
Clinical depression, or major depressive disorder, is a serious illness that affects mood, thoughts, behaviour, and daily functioning. Persistent sadness, loss of interest, fatigue, and poor concentration can impair personal and professional life. Treatment pattern analysis helps identify commonly prescribed antidepressants, combination therapies, and prescribing trends according to depression severity. A prospective observational study was conducted to evaluate treatment patterns among patients with depression. Patient data were collected prospectively from clinical records and included age, gender, PHQ-9 severity, prescribed antidepressants, concomitant medications, and treatment combinations. Patients were categorised according to age and depression severity. Drug utilisation and prescribing patterns were assessed using frequency and percentage distributions. The study included 357 patients, with females (53.50%) slightly outnumbering males (46.50%). Most patients were aged 18–30 years (38.10%), while moderately severe depression was the most common PHQ-9 category (32.77%). Antidepressants were prescribed to 89.08% of patients, with escitalopram being the most frequently used (31.65%), followed by fluoxetine (22.69%). Clonazepam was prescribed in 54.90% of patients, while benzodiazepine-containing regimens were used in 66.11%. The most common combination was domperidone–rabeprazole (66.39%). The study showed that antidepressants were widely used in clinical depression, with escitalopram being the most frequently prescribed. Clonazepam was commonly used as concomitant therapy. Monotherapy was more common than combination therapy, highlighting the importance of rational prescribing, careful monitoring, and individualised treatment according to depression severity.
Clinical depressionTreatment patternAntidepressantsPHQ-9Drug utilisation
Issue Proceedings of ICIRIPAS 2026; Special Issue-01
Research article
Sheetal Z. Godse
Bilastine is a second-generation, highly selective H1-antihistamine used for the management of allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria. Although oral bilastine provides effective antihistaminic activity with minimal sedative effects, development of an inhalable formulation may provide an alternative approach for pulmonary delivery by enabling direct deposition of appropriately engineered particles in the respiratory tract. The present study aimed to develop and optimize an amorphous bilastine dry powder for inhalation (DPI) using lyophilization and a systematic Quality by Design approach. Bilastine was subjected to preformulation and drug–excipient compatibility studies followed by formulation with selected inhalation-grade excipients including lactose monohydrate, mannitol, Soluplus and L-leucine. A three-factor, three-level Box–Behnken experimental design was employed to investigate the influence of selected formulation/process variables on critical quality attributes of the inhalable powder. The prepared formulations were evaluated for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, flow properties, solid-state characteristics, surface morphology and aerodynamic performance. The optimized formulation, F12, exhibited a particle size of 3.2 µm, polydispersity index of 0.44 and zeta potential of −25.1 mV. The formulation demonstrated favorable powder flow characteristics with a Carr's index of 12.8%. Solid-state characterization indicated substantial conversion of crystalline bilastine toward an amorphous state, with an amorphicity index of 0.65. Aerodynamic assessment demonstrated a mass median aerodynamic diameter of 3.86 µm and fine particle fraction of 44.1%, indicating potential for deposition within the respirable pulmonary size range. Ex-vivo permeation of optimized F12 was 78.6%, compared with 22.6% for crystalline bilastine. The findings demonstrate that lyophilization combined with rational excipient selection and Box–Behnken optimization can generate an amorphous bilastine inhalable powder with favorable physicochemical and aerosolization characteristics. The developed system may serve as a promising platform for further investigation of pulmonary delivery of bilastine.
BilastineDry powder inhalerAmorphous powderLyophilisationFreeze-drying
Issue Proceedings of ICIRIPAS 2026; Special Issue-01
Research article
Hashim Khan, Ramenani Hari Babu
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remain major causes of preventable morbidity, impaired quality of life, healthcare utilization, and premature mortality. Inhaled medicines are central to treatment because they deliver therapy directly to the respiratory tract, but their effectiveness is highly dependent on device selection, inhaler technique, adherence, and the patient’s capacity to incorporate treatment into everyday life. Community pharmacists are uniquely positioned to address these modifiable determinants because they are accessible, encounter patients repeatedly, and possess expertise in medicines and medication-use processes. This narrative review synthesizes evidence on the contribution of community pharmacists to inhaler optimization in asthma and COPD, with emphasis on inhaler technique assessment, patient education, adherence support, medication review, device selection, referral, and interprofessional collaboration. The review also examines implementation barriers, including workload, reimbursement, clinical information access, training requirements, scope-of-practice limitations, and variability in health systems. Emerging approaches such as smart inhalers, electronic adherence monitoring, telepharmacy, artificial intelligence-supported inhaler assessment, remote monitoring, and environmentally informed device selection are considered. Evidence from randomized trials and systematic reviews indicates that pharmacist-led interventions can improve inhaler technique and, in selected settings, medication adherence and disease-control outcomes; however, heterogeneity in intervention design and outcome measurement limits conclusions about long-term effects on exacerbations, hospitalizations, mortality, and costs. A sustainable model should therefore move beyond one-time inhaler instruction toward repeated, standardized, patient-centered medication optimization embedded in multidisciplinary respiratory care. Future research should prioritize pragmatic trials, health-economic evaluation, implementation science, digital equity, and standardized clinical outcomes.
Community pharmacyAsthmaChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseCOPDInhaler technique
Issue Proceedings of ICIRIPAS 2026; Special Issue-01
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