Decipher Ayurveda

Abstract

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) GBM is one of the most aggressive primary brain tumours, with a median survival of less than 15 months with conventional chemoradiotherapy, in part because of the hypo - permeable blood - brain barrier (BBB) and tumour heterogeneity. Addressing these problems, a targeted drug delivery system (NDDS) based on nanoparticles has been developed to achieve site - specific accumulation, control payload release and minimize systemic toxicity. This systematic review and meta - analysis assessed the effectiveness and safety of nanoparticle based NDDS in the treatment of GBM in both preclinical and clinical settings. Nanosystems tested were polymeric nanoparticles, PEGylated liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers, and transferrin - functionalized nanosystems. Pooled preclinical data showed that the median tumour volume reduction was 68.4% higher than free - drug controls, with the best particle size being between 80 and 180nm and the highest encapsulation efficiency was more than 85%. U87MG cell lines showed IC50 values with temozolomide loaded PLGA nanoparticles at 12.3 µM compared to 47.8 µM free drug. The drug release profiles were sustained for 72 to 96 hours in all cases. In clinical studies, progression - free survival was reported to be 34% longer, and there were no more grade 3 or 4 adverse events, with most being grade 1 – 2. The results suggest that receptor - targeted platforms of nanoparticles are a paradigm shift in GBM pharmacotherapy. To expedite translation, future studies should focus on BBB - penetrating active targeting, uniform toxicological models and adaptive clinical trial designs.